Richard Blackwelder only noted four uses of up in his A Tolkien Thesaurus, and I wonder at the amount of curating he did. It’s an old, old word. It’s a noun, verb, adjective, preposition, and — most commonly — adverb. It has seven different entries in the OED, and is used almost four hundred times in our work.

• 1.004 and the family hushed it up;
• 1.005 until Bilbo Baggins was grown up,
• 1.006 and adventures sprouted up all over the place wherever he went,
• 1.010 that sailed up into the air without breaking
• 1.017 They used to go up like great lilies
• 1.023 After a while he stepped up,
• 1.028 and hung his things up
• 1.032 he said when he caught sight of Dwalin’s green hood hanging up.
• 1.050 Then they hung up two yellow hoods
• 1.058 and things piled up on big trays,
• 1.062 “Now to clear up!’
[01.063]”
• 1.066 Pound them up with a thumping pole;
• 1.068 up the chimney,
• 1.068 of the smoke-rings he had sent up the wind over The Hill.
• 1.080 And men looked up with faces pale;
• 1.083 Then something Tookish woke up inside him,
• 1.083 Suddenly in the wood beyond The Water a flame leapt up –
• 1.084 He got up trembling.
• 1.092 he began to feel a shriek coming up inside,
• 1.092 All the dwarves sprang up,
• 1.116 up along the River Running,’
• 1.121 and live up to Gandalf’s recommendation.
• 1.122 up the Running River as far as the valley
• 1.123 and gold was probably getting scarce up there,
• 1.123 One day he flew up into the air
• 1.123 and when he reached the woods they all went up
• 1.123 The river rushed up
• 1.123 he has piled it all up
• 1.124 as best we could up
• 1.142 they all got up.
• 1.142 One thing he did make his mind up about
• 1.142 was not to bother to get up very early
• 1.145 when he woke up.
• 2.001 Up jumped Bilbo,
• 2.001 and without bothering to wake him up
• 2.002 and washed up.
• 2.006 I have had enough to do with washing up for fourteen!”
• 2.009 up to and not exceeding
• 2.023 “Up you two get,
• 2.027 when up came Gandalf very splendid on a white horse.
• 2.030 Wind got up,
• 2.031 The wind broke up the grey clouds,
• 2.039 Up the hill they went;
• 2.042 he got right up to the fire –
• 2.046 and time’s been up our way,
• 2.049 Then Bilbo plucked up courage
• 2.052 “What is it?” said the others coming up.
• 2.058 picking up a skewer.
• 2.060 and he picked him up by the toes
• 2.062 holding him right way up,
• 2.072 up came Balin.
• 2.075 As each dwarf came up
• 2.079 He caught up a big branch
• 2.079 but he was sent spinning up into the top of some bushes,
• 2.079 when Tom kicked the sparks up
• 2.080 But just at that moment William came up behind
• 2.080 all neatly tied up in sacks,
• 2.080 and Bilbo up in a bush,
• 2.088 “Shut up!” said they,
• 2.089 “Shut up yerself!” said Tom,
• 2.111 They followed the tracks up the hill,
• 2.116 they did not turn their noses up
• 2.117 Then they brought up their ponies,
• 3.007 only one vast slope going slowly up
• 3.007 and up to meet the feet of the nearest mountain,
• 3.013 and he looked up at the stars.
• 3.026 when sun has been all day on the snow far up above.
• 3.040 He held up the map
• 4.001 that led up into those mountains,
• 4.002 they were still going up
• 4.002 and up
• 4.002 and up.
• 4.002 It was getting bitter cold up here,
• 4.004 when storms come up from East
• 4.005 They were high up
• 4.006 we shall be picked up by some giant
• 4.010 who knew that caves up
• 4.012 So they all got up
• 4.012 He lit up his wand
• 4.013 and set dancing up by the roof to amuse them.
• 4.015 At that he woke up with a horrible start,
• 4.016 It had wakened him up wide
• 4.017 even than when the troll had picked him up by his toes.
• 4.028 “Up to no good, I’ll warrant!
• 4.030 Might I ask what you were doing up
• 4.035 right up to the roof,
• 4.041 Then Gandalf lit up his wand.
• 4.045 said poor Mr. Baggins bumping up
• 4.050 But they were seen by the goblins that ran silently up behind,
• 5.002 Very slowly he got up
• 5.002 but neither up nor down it could he find anything:
• 5.002 and gave himself up to complete miserableness,
• 5.007 On we go!’ So up he got,
• 5.010 That pulled him up sharp
• 5.011 in from outside to lie up
• 5.011 and joined them up with passages,
• 5.014 Suddenly up came Gollum
• 5.026 Up, up it goes,
• 5.026 Up, up it goes,
• 5.034 and he was so pleased that he made up one on the spot.
• 5.036 Gollum brought up memories of ages
• 5.062 There he found the ring he had picked up
• 5.075 Time’s up!’ he said.
• 5.082 We can’t go up the tunnels so hasty.
• 5.083 Well, hurry up!’
• 5.104 but he saw that all was up,
• 5.104 back up the dark passage down which he had come,
• 5.106 coming up the slope.
• 5.107 pick himself up,
• 5.108 Painfully he got up,
• 5.110 Bilbo pricked up his ears.
• 5.119 With a spring Gollum got up
• 5.122 on their left as they went up.
• 5.126 There was Gollum sitting humped up right
• 5.128 welled up
• 5.134 began to go up again,
• 5.140 Go back up the passage!’ some shouted.
• 5.145 got up, and ran for the door.
• 5.148 while bewildered goblins were still picking up
• 6.003 He had just made up his mind that it was his duty,
• 6.010 tripped up your feet,
• 6.011 Then why didn’t you pick him up again?’
• 6.014 Bilbo’s reputation went up a very great deal
• 6.025 He wanted to know how the wizard had turned up again,
• 6.026 Evidently people had given up going that way,
• 6.026 because it had been found quite safe up to now.
• 6.027 a more or less decent giant to block it up again,’
• 6.028 and worked up the best magic he could
• 6.031 and no one has ever managed to block it up.
• 6.034 And we are still pretty high up.
• 6.041 that here stood right up the mountain slope
• 6.048 The moon was up
• 6.052 Up the trees quick!’ cried Gandalf;
• 6.052 or were slender enough to swarm up.
• 6.052 and up they went as high as ever they could trust the branches.
• 6.052 if you had seen the dwarves sitting up
• 6.052 Dwalin and Balin had swarmed up a tall slender fir
• 6.055 and up trees!
• 6.056 and give Mr. Baggins a hand up!’
• 6.057 and let Bilbo scramble up
• 6.058 A wolf snapped at his cloak as he swung up,
• 6.058 and leaping up at the trunk,
• 6.063 and letting the people up the trees escape,
• 6.064 stuck up in a tall tree
• 6.067 He swept up into the air,
• 6.067 at either hand leaped up to follow him.
• 6.067 They circled up
• 6.067 and yelping come up faint from far beneath him.
• 6.071 Then suddenly goblins came running up yelling.
• 6.082 who were scrambling up now as far as they ever dared to go.
• 6.083 and up they went together above the tumult
• 6.084 The flames about the trees sprang suddenly up
• 6.084 They went up
• 6.085 and they were high up
• 6.090 said Bilbo sitting up
• 6.090 and are up
• 6.092 Soon another eagle flew up.
• 6.092 and to begin to think of being torn up for supper like a rabbit,
• 6.099 The eagles had brought up dry boughs for fuel,
• 6.099 or cutting up meat,
• 6.100 He slept curled up on the hard rock
• 7.001 The next morning Bilbo woke up
• 7.001 He jumped up to look at the time
• 7.002 and saw that the birds were already high up
• 7.024 Up slope
• 7.025 had begun to spring up,
• 7.026 I should swell up as big again as I am!’
• 7.032 trotted up across the grass
• 7.045 and fell golden on the garden full of flowers that came right up to the steps.
• 7.054 and are not up to any mischief
• 7.054 what are you up to,
• 7.082 Hurry up!
• 7.083 he got up
• 7.087 gasped Bombur puffing up behind.
• 7.088 I suppose that is all that there were up the trees.
• 7.09 You may be making it all up,
• 7.092 and set them up near the fire.
• 7.104 Suddenly up stood Gandalf.
• 7.105 you must not stray outside until the sun is up,
• 7.109 Get up lazybones,’
• 7.11 Up jumped Bilbo.
• 7.111 We have been about looking for Beorn ever since the sun got up;
• 7.117 but on the other side is a cliff standing up from a swirling channel.
• 7.117 and then miles back again to pick up the tracks again.
• 7.12 Then he woke up when everyone else was asleep,
• 7.121 He picked up the hobbit
• 7.121 Not eaten up by Wargs or goblins or wicked bears yet I see’ ;
• 7.122 and right back up into the mountains –
• 7.133 sticking up out of the long grass,
• 7.134 The land began to slope up
• 7.134 and up,
• 7.142 So cheer up Bilbo
• 7.142 Cheer up Thorin
• 7.149 You must either go through or give up your quest.
• 7.151 keep your spirits up,
• 8.006 but they soon gave that up.
• 8.006 so they gave up fires
• 8.014 The boat is sure to be tied up,
• 8.015 but it looks to me as if it was just drawn up on the bank,
• 8.019 Fili picked up the hook
• 8.029 The shadows swallowed it up,
• 8.035 if they could have kept up their courage
• 8.041 but they hoisted him up into the lowest branches
• 8.041 and up he had to go as best he could.
• 8.042 He could hear the dwarves shouting up at him from far below,
• 8.044 so that from its top the trees seemed to swell up
• 8.045 which they were too heavy to climb up and feel.
• 8.047 He woke up suddenly
• 8.047 and sat up scratching his head.
• 8.048 Why ever did I wake up!’
• 8.049 If you hadn’t waked up,
• 8.052 I hope I never wake up again.’
• 8.054 Even Bombur got up,
• 8.055 gasped Bombur puffing up behind.
• 8.059 every one of them got up
• 8.059 and it went up
• 8.062 Up they all jumped.
• 8.065 They were just giving up hope,
• 8.065 and he found it was the hobbit curled up fast asleep.
• 8.071 Up they got again;
• 8.072 The fires leaped up
• 8.074 But he soon made up his mind
• 8.074 so that when he got up he fell over.
• 8.075 who had been busy tying him up while he dozed,
• 8.08 Having made up his mind he crept along as cleverly as he could.
• 8.089 and a toe shot up
• 8.092 He could not get up at the brutes
• 8.092 While he was picking up stones,
• 8.092 with all its legs curled up.
• 8.097 You’ll never catch me up your tree!
• 8.098 but then you must remember that he had to make it up himself,
• 8.099 Bilbo plucked up his courage
• 8.104 The worst part of the job was getting up on to the long branch
• 8.104 he scrambled up –
• 8.105 If he cut the string which hung him up,
• 8.107 between them they started to haul up first one dwarf
• 8.109 and kept back those that crawled up.
• 8.112 and had tied him up again
• 8.113 Don’t stay up there
• 8.113 For he saw spiders swarming up all the neighbouring trees,
• 8.114 who was being propped up on either side by his cousin Bifur,
• 8.123 the spiders suddenly gave it up,
• 8.125 Some of them even got up
• 9.001 They got up
• 9.003 Bilbo had all he could do to keep up with the torches,
• 9.003 to catch them up
• 9.004 and he only made up his mind not to desert his friends
• 9.011 He could not keep up with the hunting elves
• 9.011 he could pick up a living
• 9.014 Soon however he made up his mind
• 9.019 and other goods came up the rivers,
• 9.019 From Lake-town the barrels were brought up the Forest River.
• 9.019 and poled or rowed up the stream;
• 9.024 and it would not do to send up poor stuff!’
• 9.041 while the song is up!’
• 9.052 which pulled up the portcullis at the water-gate
• 9.053 Up from mere and pool at night!
• 9.053 Up the heavens cold and steep;
• 9.055 He came up again spluttering
• 9.055 for you cannot count friends that are all packed up in barrels.
• 9.056 He heard the creak of the water-gate being hauled up,
• 9.056 but at last the jostling crowd began to break up
• 9.059 up the side of his barrel
• 9.059 Up he crawled like a drowned rat,
• 9.062 He no longer thought twice about picking up a supper uninvited
• 9.064 They were making up a raft of barrels,
• 10.002 filled with the waters of the river which broke up
• 10.006 Only from the map did Bilbo know that away up there,
• 10.007 that came up the great river from the South
• 10.009 Soon men would come up from the South
• 10.009 to be taken back up the stream to the Wood-elves’ home.
• 10.012 so after a few more groans he got up
• 10.034 Others took up the song
• 10.036 and of fiddles mixed up with it.
• 10.036 So he gave up to him his own great chair
• 10.037 A large house was given up to Thorin
• 10.038 and Smaug chopped up into little pieces.
• 10.04 up the Forest River with their cargoes,
• 10.045 and off they went north up the lake
• 11.001 they rowed right up the Long Lake
• 11.001 some miles up the river,
• 11.013 searching for paths up the mountain-side.
• 11.014 but at its inner end a flat wall rose up that
• 11.016 and up the newly found path,
• 11.017 hauling up what they needed from below with their ropes.
• 11.017 while Bofur was hauled up to the higher camp.
• 11.017 Bombur would not come up either the rope or the path.
• 11.019 Out up there a silence reigned,
• 11.021 and yet they would not give it up
• 11.031 the others shouted to be hauled up the ropes
• 11.035 Thorin hurried up.
• 11.037 Then Thorin stepped up
• 12.009 if only I could wake up
• 12.01 He did not wake up of course,
• 12.011 Wisps of vapour floated up
• 12.017 while the little hobbit toiled back up the long tunnel.
• 12.018 He picked Bilbo up
• 12.019 as if it was an old volcano that had made up its mind
• 12.019 but up the long tunnel came the dreadful echoes,
• 12.02 and wondered why he had never blocked it up.
• 12.021 and up towards the Front Gate.
• 12.022 and up he soared blazing into the air
• 12.027 Up came Bofur,
• 12.027 Up came Bombur,
• 12.027 Up came some tools
• 12.029 Flickering fires leaped up
• 12.032 that men had come up from the river and the lake
• 12.033 and that it was no good giving up their quest yet.
• 12.034 and stirring up Smaug’s wrath so soon.
• 12.035 I should want hundreds of years to bring it all up,
• 12.04 and see what he is up to.
• 12.04 Perhaps something will turn up.
• 12.043 Cheer up Bilbo!’
• 12.064 But plucking up courage he spoke again.
• 12.07 and to keep his end up,
• 12.071 while far up
• 12.078 and fled up the tunnel.
• 12.079 and fast though he sped up the slope,
• 12.081 In the meanwhile his friends did their best to cheer him up;
• 12.082 he picked up a stone
• 12.091 to stop up our entrance,
• 12.1 and getting up he kicked away the stone that wedged the door.
• 12.103 and up the water you came without a doubt.
• 13.002 So several of the dwarves got up
• 13.009 and did not dare to get up,
• 13.012 Bilbo got up,
• 13.023 going up into the gloom.
• 13.043 and up,
• 13.043 up,
• 13.055 The road from the Gate along the left edge of the stream seems all broken up.
• 13.055 up the right bank,
• 13.055 and climbed up to the post.
• 13.059 I hope he is not up on the Mountain looking down at us!’
• 13.065 It scrambled steeply up,
• 13.068 said Dori, who was always looking up towards the Mountain’s peak,
• 14.004 Something is happening up there.’
• 14.013 A hail of dark arrows leaped up
• 14.02 it told him of tidings up
• 14.024 A vast steam leaped up,
• 14.032 and people further off took up the cry:
• 14.032 Up the Bowman,
• 14.034 had stirred the dragon up against them deliberately!
• 14.039 up the river to the Forest
• 14.043 higher up the shore;
• 15.016 They all sprang up
• 15.024 for the peaceful winding up of these affairs.
• 15.028 and hauled stuff up with ropes.
• 15.031 come up to the valley’s head
• 15.031 and climb slowly up.
• 15.033 and as it echoed up towards them it seemed
• 15.044 and marching up the valley.
• 16.007 That night Bilbo made up his mind.
• 16.008 I wish we could have a fire up here as they have
• 16.017 when up came elves
• 16.036 stood up in amazement.
• 16.045 but keep your heart up!
• 16.046 when he clambered up the rope again –
• 16.047 At midnight he woke up Bombur;
• 16.047 in turn rolled himself up
• 17.032 coming up the valley at a great pace.
• 17.032 and held up their hands
• 17.04 Winter thunder on a wild wind rolled roaring up
• 17.048 driving wildly up between the arms of the Mountain,
• 17.065 Soon they too took up the cry,
• 17.065 Many wondering eyes looked up,
• 18.003 He sat up painfully.
• 18.005 Suddenly he was aware of a man climbing up
• 18.012 and picked him lightly up.
• 18.016 He looked up as Bilbo came beside him.
• 18.02 that I woke up when I did.
• 18.032 There now Dain son of Nain took up his abode,
• 18.033 was given up to Bard;
• 18.053 At last they came up the long road,
• 19.019 and rain came up to meet them.
• 19.025 when they had dug it up.
• 19.043 and much wealth went up