100K

Ruddy

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From the rare word “rud” meaning “red”, ruddy carries a goodly number of connotations which play together in this passage:

[12.013] and about him on all sides stretching away across the unseen floors, lay countless piles of precious things, gold wrought and unwrought, gems and jewels, and silver red-stained in the ruddy light.

“Ruddy” has to do with blushing from shame and anger, robust good health, reddish skin, heat, vigour, the reddish glow of fire, and aridity which causes flora to wither – the power, malice, and desolation of Smaug.

  • 12.013 in the ruddy light.

“ruddy, adj., n., and adv.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

Parch

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“Parched” is among the Hundred Thousand, but our form “parchingly” is not (nor is “parch”, although “parching” is!).  “Parchingly” is a derivative form attested in the 1800s, and here’s our quotation:

1851   H. Melville Moby-Dick ci. 497   Most statistical tables are parchingly dry in the reading.

I believe that Mr. Melville and I have different tastes.  Not only do I love myself a good logarithm table or a nice analysis of variance to while away the long winter nights, I find Mr. Melville himself a bit sere.  I may have written a few rash things in a high school English essay on the subject.

  • 08.046 that they were also parchingly thirsty,

Update 2016.06.28: I am adding the “food” tag, as the word is related to thirst and  nothing else.

“parching, adj.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

Goggle

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The early meaning “to look at obliquely” has become a direct stare.  Even more interesting, OED suggests that goggle is an onomatopoeic word, expressive of oscillating movement.  Ahem.  Now we know what sound Gollum’s eyeballs make?

  • 08.114 and hundreds of angry spiders were goggling at them all round

“goggle, v.1.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

Bash

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This word is not in the Hundred Thousand either in its plain nor its inflected form as we have in Chapter 2.  Observe with me that being outside of the most common hundred thousand words of Project Gutenberg does not make a word unknown.  Just infrequent.  Google’s Ngram viewer gives us “bash” as rising exponentially in use after 1960, outside of the time that works qualify for inclusion in Project Gutenberg.  Did Tolkien contribute to the fame of the word?

  • 02.080 and bashes to remember)

“bash, n.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

Drat

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“Drat” is the aphetic form of the interjection “God rot”, and our chapter 2 derived verb is attested from the 1870s.

  • 02.039 and dratting),
  • 06.008 then drat him,
  • 08.064 You dratted hobbit!
  • 09.029 Drat this dwarvish racket!’
  • 12.083 Drat the bird!’

“drat, int.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

Rune

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Here’s another for which the inflection matters – “runes” is within the Hundred Thousand, but “rune”, from 01.104, is not.

  • 01.105 You see that rune on the West side,
  • 01.105 and the hand pointing to it from the other runes?
  • 01.109 and three may walk abreast” say the runes,
  • 02.115 but when we can read the runes on them,
  • 03.035 Elrond knew all about runes of every kind.
  • 03.035 This, Thorin, the runes name Orcrist,
  • 03.040 beside the plain runes which say ‘five feet high the door
  • 03.041 and he also liked runes
  • 11.013 pondering over the runes
  • 11.019 about the runes or the moon-letters,

Fluster

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While “flustered” is within the Hundred Thousand, the singular noun “fluster”, as we have in 02.004, is not.  In addition to its current use, “fluster” has an obsolete use which indicates that the agitated state of mind stems from intoxication.

  • 01.024 Yesterday he had been too flustered to do anything of the kind.
  • 01.033 but they have begun to arrive had flustered him badly.
  • 01.138 and he was so flustered that he answered
  • 02.004 in a fluster.
  • 05.047 he was so flustered by the egg-question.

“fluster, n.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

Carrock

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The Cumbrian word “carrec” = “rock”.  Cumbrian was spoken between 500 and 1000 CE north and a bit east of Wales and is closely related to Welsh.  Elements of the Cumbric language can be found place names and family names, which we know Tolkien loved to study.

Word fans, like any good scholar I use Wikipedia only as a place to get the right keywords for deeper searches (or to answer simple everyday questions like “what is earwax?”).  Today, I am stumped for further sources and must give you what I have until a later day – a day when my Cumbric language and cultural history skills have a boost.  Comments with leads and clues are very welcome, and I will be carefully sifting my Philology class notes.

Here’s what we know:  Carrock Fell is a high ground in the lake district of Britain.  This fell is unusually rocky, geologically distinct from neighboring landmarks, topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort, and was climbed by Charles Dickens.

Castle Carrock is a village about five miles away which hosts the Music on the Mar festival and boasts a newly re-opened pub.  The village newsletter is available on the web, and I know what destination vacation has been added to my bucket list!

I have added the tag “British” to this word meaning British-not-English and wish a good morning to the kind folk of Castle Carrock.

  • 07.012 the Carrock I believe he calls it.
  • 07.015 And why is it called the Carrock?’
  • 07.016 He called it the Carrock,
  • 07.016 because carrock is his word for it.
  • 07.016 He calls things like that carrocks,
  • 07.016 and this one is the Carrock
  • 07.023 on the top of the Carrock at night watching the moon
  • 07.089 and of how they had all been brought to the Carrock,
  • 07.117 I followed these as far as the Carrock.
  • 07.117 to get from this bank to the Carrock by the ford,
  • 07.130 that joined the great river miles south of the Carrock.
  • 07.130 North of the Carrock
  • 07.130 for at a place a few days’ ride due north of the Carrock
  • 07.131 for a hundred miles north of the Carrock
  • 07.142 when we landed on the Carrock,’

“Castle Carrock Cumbrian Village.” N.p., n.d. Web.

“Carrock Fell.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 01 June 2015.

Burglar

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I first assumed that “burglar”, which appears 37 times in The Hobbit, had been formed from “burgle”, but I was incorrect.  “Burgle” was back-formed from the older word “burglar”, both of which are outside of the Ten Thousand.  OED, bless them, defines “burgle” thusly:

to steal or rob burglariously.

Well, now we’re happy!  “Burglarious”  and its adverb “burglariously” are outside the Hundred Thousand, attested since the 1700s.  I take pleasure in noting that a word outside the hundred thousand most common words in Project Gutenberg is still not called “rare” by OED.

Is “burglar” funny?  It certainly has a funny sound and is awfully… anti-heroic.

[01.116]  ‘That would be no good,’ said the wizard, ‘not without a mighty Warrior, even a Hero. I tried to find one; but warriors are busy fighting one another in distant lands, and in this neighbourhood heroes are scarce, or simply not to be found. Swords in these parts are mostly blunt, and axes are used for trees, and shields as cradles or dish-covers; and dragons are comfortably far-off (and therefore legendary). That is why I settled on burglary –

  • 01.095 He looks more like a grocer than a burglar!’
  • 01.097 or your reference to burglars,
  • 01.098 Burglar wants a good job,
  • 01.098 You can say Expert Treasure-hunter instead of Burglar if you like.
  • 01.100 If I say he is a Burglar,
  • 01.100 a Burglar he is,
  • 01.117 That is why I settled on burglary –
  • 01.117 the burglar,
  • 01.117 and selected burglar.
  • 01.141 Aren’t you the burglar?
  • 02.009 “Thorin and Company to Burglar Bilbo greeting!
  • 02.029 “Bother burgling
  • 02.039 “After all we have got a burglar with us,” they said;
  • 02.041 “Now it is the burglar’s turn,” they said,
  • 02.047 a bit of good quick burgling.
  • 02.047 and legendary burglar would
  • 02.048 Of the various burglarious proceedings he had heard of
  • 06.012 without the burglar,
  • 06.013 And here’s the burglar!’
  • 06.014 If they had still doubted that he was really a first-class burglar,
  • 06.054 You’ve left the burglar behind again!’
  • 06.055 I can’t be always carrying burglars on my back,’
  • 09.012 I am like a burglar that can’t get away,
  • 09.012 burgling the same house
  • 09.031 A pretty fine burglar you make,
  • 09.051 and have to stay lurking as a permanent burglar
  • 10.041 and he strongly suspected attempted burglary
  • 11.026 What is our burglar doing for us?
  • 12.017 More like a grocer than a burglar’ indeed!
  • 12.035 What else do you suppose a burglar is to do?’
  • 12.035 You ought to have brought five hundred burglars not one.
  • 12.078 and so do burglars,’
  • 13.017 Mr. Baggins was still officially their expert burglar
  • 13.021 Now I am a burglar indeed!’
  • 13.029 and help our burglar.’
  • 16.039 I may be a burglar –
  • 17.014 burglar!’
  • 17.016 If you don’t like my Burglar,
  • 18.048 I mean even a burglar has his feelings.

“burglarious, adj.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.

“burgle, v.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 1 June 2015.