It’s a common word, used about fifty times in the work!

• 01.020 to send you on this adventure.
• 01.066 “Send them down the hall to roll!”
• 01.068 he sent a smaller smoke-ring from his short clay-pipe
• 01.068 of the smoke-rings he had sent up the wind over The Hill.
• 01.122 Kings used to send for our smiths,
• 02.079 but he was sent spinning up into the top of some bushes,
• 03.006 I sent a message by my friends,
• 04.008 that they sent Fili
• 04.008 (when everybody could see that it was absolutely no use sending Bilbo)
• 04.043 That sent them on faster than ever,
• 05.012 and there was no reason to go that way – unless the Great Goblin sent them.
• 05.090 It sent a shiver down his back.
• 06.043 but they won’t find it difficult to send stones
• 07.088 and the story had kept him from sending the dwarves off
• 07.116 he was so busy sending smoke rings
• 07.127 and the food I send with you.
• 07.127 At the gate of the forest I must ask you to send back my horse
• 07.135 Now you must send back these excellent ponies
• 07.137 You don’t mention sending that back.’
• 07.138 because I am not sending it.’
• 07.140 I am not sending the horse back,
• 07.142 and I am sending Mr. Baggins with you.
• 08.029 Now he sent a swift
• 08.045 and what is the use of sending a hobbit!’
• 08.057 until they agreed at length to send out a couple of spies,
• 08.057 But then they could not agree on who was to be sent:
• 08.062 I shall send Mr. Baggins alone first to talk to them.
• 08.119 and sending a shower of stones
• 09.012 that he could get a message for help sent to the wizard,
• 09.024 and it would not do to send up poor stuff!’
• 10.041 He sent out his spies about the shores of the lake
• 10.045 had been sent round by circuitous paths
• 11.001 and the ponies for their own use that had been sent to meet them.
• 11.006 Thorin sent out a scouting expedition
• 12.079 but the nostrils sent forth fire
• 13.016 and Gloin were sent back to their bundles at the top of the tunnel.
• 13.048 A misty sun sent its pale light
• 14.033 What sort of gold have they sent down the river to reward us?
• 14.039 for Bard at once had speedy messengers sent
• 14.042 but great store of goods he sent ahead by water.
• 14.043 sent down from the Forest.
• 15.021 that you would send messengers to our kin
• 15.027 Filiand Kili were sent,
• 15.028 and sent them back riderless to the South.
• 17.030 but Thorin sent messengers by Roäc
• 17.033 We are sent from Dain son of Nain,’
• 17.035 Bard then sent messengers at once to the Gate;
• 17.050 they sent against it a shower of arrows,
• 18.010 I have been sent to look here for the last time.
• 18.034 From that treasure Bard sent much gold

Good morning, Word Fans! This common word starts to make no sense when I read it over and over.

• 1.002 wardrobes (he had whole rooms devoted to clothes),
• 1.066 And when you’ve finished, if any are whole,
• 1.130 so on the whole I think I ought to be praised
• 2.042 not if the whole cavalcade had passed two feet off.
• 6.040 Before long the whole slope above them
• 6.058 In a minute there was a whole pack of them
• 7.116 he had eaten two whole loaves
• 7.122 and that a great raid of the whole goblin army
• 7.125 and Gandalf thought it wise to tell him their whole story
• 8.103 and at once the whole lot of them came hurrying
• 8.125 They had to have the whole vanishing business carefully explained,
• 12.009 and the whole lot could stay here for ever,
• 12.022 To hunt the whole mountain
• 12.035 with the whole hoard of Thror on my back?
• 12.079 Luckily the whole head
• 15.059 disapproved of the whole turn of affairs.
• 15.060 The whole place still stinks of dragon,’
• 16.026 Personally I am tired of the whole affair.
• 17.034 encircle the whole mountain;
• 17.060 he preferred on the whole to defend the Elvenking.

Another common word used sparingly. Let’s see. If there are about 95,000 words in the work and 6,000 individual words, then each word is used an average of 16 times… Yet “finish” is used less than half of that. Let’s not make too much of that, but let’s do notice.

• 1.023 just about the time when Bilbo was finishing his second cake
• 1.066 And when you’ve finished, if any are whole,
• 7.088 Now perhaps we can finish this story
• 7.089 By the time the wizard had finished his tale
• 9.038 running round putting the finishing touches to the packing,
• 10.004 in fact finishing his other business
• 15.011 No sooner had he finished speaking

Poles are apparently only for working on the river with a cargo or for thumping!

• 1.066 Pound them up with a thumping pole;
• 9.019 and poled or rowed up the stream;
• 9.062 They quickly poled
• 9.065 There was a mighty pushing of poles.
• 9.068 where other elves stood to fend them off with poles,

All of which brings to mind the finest reference to poles in all of literature:

‘Evenin’,’ it said. ‘Dis is a bit embarrassin’. You know a pole?’
‘Pole?’ said Igor suspiciously.
‘It are a long wooden fing-‘
‘Yeth? Well? What about it?’
‘I’d like you to imagine, right, dat dere’s a black an’ yellow striped one across dis road, right? Only ‘cos we’ve only got der one, an’ it’s bein’ used up on der Copperhead road tonight.’

Terry Pratchett – Carpe Jugulum

In The Hobbit, this word is only used as a verb – and, in fact, only as an imperative verb in rhyming verse!

• 1.066 Pound them up with a thumping pole;
• 4.020 Pound, pound, far underground!
• 4.020 Pound, pound, far underground!

A common word, used aplenty – and that’s very satsifying in a book full of liminal moments. Whether it is a coming-of-age story for Bilbo is not mine to say – I know that it is for me.

• 01.002 It had a perfectly round door
• 01.002 The door opened on to a tube-shaped hall like a tunnel:
• 01.002 and many little round doors opened out of it,
• 01.006 and Bilbo Baggins was standing at his door after breakfast
• 01.010 ‘And a very fine morning for a pipe of tobacco out of doors,
• 01.010 Then Bilbo sat down on a seat by his door,
• 01.016 as if I was selling buttons at the door!’
• 01.021 and scuttled inside his round green door,
• 01.023 was still standing outside the door,
• 01.025 and ran to the door.
• 01.026 As soon as the door was opened,
• 01.030 and off he went to the door.
• 01.031 and he too hopped inside as soon as the door was open,
• 01.038 as soon as the door began to open –
• 01.044 ‘Someone at the door!’
• 01.046 and he had to run to the door.
• 01.047 but a hard rat-tat on the hobbit’s beautiful green door.
• 01.048 He pulled open the door with a jerk,
• 01.048 He had made quite a dent on the beautiful door;
• 01.049 and then open the door like a pop-gun!
• 01.056 called the other dwarves through the door.
• 01.059 and Dwalin at the door of the kitchen,
• 01.065 Splash the wine on every door!
• 01.095 and a drink he crept nervously to the door of the parlour.
• 01.095 if it had not been for the sign on the door,
• 01.097 I have no signs on my door –
• 01.098 And I assure you there is a mark on this door –
• 01.109 “Five feet high the door
• 01.110 ‘How could such a large door be kept secret from everybody outside,
• 01.111 I should guess there is a closed door
• 01.141 not to speak of getting inside the door?
• 02.002 and the front door was open,
• 02.021 who was standing at the inn door looking out for him.
• 02.111 a big door of stone leading to a cave.
• 02.113 Then the stone door swung back
• 03.030 and found its doors flung wide.
• 03.040 beside the plain runes which say ‘five feet high the door
• 04.003 They had thought of coming to the secret door
• 04.013 Oin and Gloin wanted to light a fire at the door
• 05.135 where a great door,
• 05.135 a stone door,
• 05.136 with drawn swords sitting just inside the door,
• 05.142 ‘Look out for the door,’
• 05.145 ‘I must get to the door,
• 05.145 I must get to the door!’
• 05.145 got up, and ran for the door.
• 05.146 His buttons had got wedged on the edge of the door
• 05.146 and shone bright on the outside of the door –
• 05.147 ‘There is a shadow by the door.
• 05.149 and cursing to guard the door.
• 06.012 out of the lower door,
• 06.022 in the door,
• 07.044 said the man leading the way through a dark door
• 07.045 and came through another smaller door into a sort of veranda
• 07.097 The great door had creaked
• 07.107 and a noise as of some great animal scuffling at the door.
• 08.132 Before his huge doors of stone
• 08.144 in one of the inmost caves with strong wooden doors,
• 09.003 to the king’s doors.
• 09.006 ‘There is no escape from my magic doors
• 09.010 but not to be allowed to pass the doors of their little prisons,
• 09.011 in the doors,
• 09.014 and he came to the door
• 09.027 First he unlocked Balin’s door,
• 09.029 Then off he went from door to door,
• 09.029 Then off he went from door to door,
• 09.035 They passed a door through which the chief guard
• 09.036 to pass through all those locked doors
• 09.037 through the doors
• 09.054 was being rolled to the doors!
• 09.061 in haste from the king’s great doors.
• 10.018 in through the door.
• 10.028 They passed its doors
• 10.029 in a loud voice from the door,
• 10.034 from the doors of the hall
• 11.006 the western spurs of the Mountain for the hidden door,
• 11.013 on the western slopes for the secret door.
• 11.013 must stand the secret door.
• 11.014 yet they did not doubt that they had found the door at last.
• 11.019 The others who were busy with the secret of the door
• 11.019 the door was hidden.
• 11.019 that had shut this door;
• 11.038 A door five feet high
• 12.001 before the door
• 12.007 when the hobbit crept through the enchanted door
• 12.008 the faint outline of the door,
• 12.010 till all sign of the door behind had faded away.
• 12.012 as the door above.
• 12.019 The door behind them was pulled nearly to,
• 12.021 he sped from his deep lair through its great door,
• 12.023 ‘The door! The tunnel!
• 12.029 His hot breath shrivelled the grass before the door,
• 12.031 until dawn came pale through the crack of the door.
• 12.032 but the door withstood his searching eye,
• 12.042 The light from the door,
• 12.042 as he drew near the lower door.
• 12.093 and shut the door.’
• 12.094 though they delayed shutting the door –
• 12.094 not far down from the half-open door
• 12.098 He sat nearest to the door
• 12.099 ‘Shut the door!’
• 12.099 Shut the door before it is too late!’
• 12.100 and getting up he kicked away the stone that wedged the door.
• 12.101 What would have happened if the door had still been open
• 13.002 ‘Let us try the door!’
• 13.002 and groped back to where the door had been.
• 13.002 would ever open that door again.
• 13.017 Quickly Bilbo trotted to the door
• 13.017 So they sat near the door
• 13.023 until he came to the great doors at the further side,
• 13.041 they passed through the gaping doors,
• 13.044 Before them light came dimly through great doors,
• 13.046 As they came through yet more doors
• 13.050 ‘I never expected to be looking out of this door.
• 13.057 since the dragon smashed the magic door,
• 13.066 in which there was an opening like a door.
• 13.066 From that door there was a wide view East
• 13.067 and that door behind leads
• 13.071 but the others sat near the outer door
• 14.001 when he smashed the door
• 15.026 the small secret door)
• 15.050 While an armed host lies before our doors,
• 16.042 rose from a tent door where he was sitting
• 18.051 to the doors of Beorn’s house;
• 19.034 and came right back to Bilbo’s own door.
• 19.035 were thick round the door,
• 19.041 when there was a ring at the door.

A fascinating little non-robust instance in Chapter 12 of Bilbo speaking of Smaug in terms that apply to Hobbits. I wonder if there are others!

• 1.002 bedrooms, bathrooms,
• 1.065 Leave the bones on the bedroom mat!
• 1.143 in the best bedroom next to him:
• 12.093 to damage his bedroom

This very common word is used over 150 times in the work, but on my way to finding this very raw fact for you, friends, I had the most wonderful adventure!

Just for delight, I opened the OED to check any cool obsolete forms of “leave” that I might have forgotten in my pre-coffee haze. What happens when we open the OED, friends? Yes. Treasure.

Beleave – obsolete. To abandon.

Belive – obsolete. To remain.

Yes, I’m weeping over these two and hereby reclaim them from the compost.

• 1.051 I hope there is something left
• 1.065 Leave the bones on the bedroom mat!
• 1.070 that they had left among the walking-sticks.
• 1.070 I left mine
• 1.123 After that there were no dwarves left alive inside,
• 2.003 They left you the message,
• 2.014 “That leaves you just ten minutes.
• 2.019 leaving his second breakfast half-finished
• 2.024 and I have left my pocket-handkerchief behind,
• 2.028 where there were no people left,
• 2.034 the wind shook the rain off the leaves,
• 2.035 and there was mighty little left for supper,
• 2.050 as it left the pocket;
• 2.070 Bilbo had just enough wits left,
• 2.071 for Bilbo to have left.
• 3.031 and they found it hard to leave.
• 4.002 and left the Last Homely House miles behind,
• 4.002 Now they could look back over the lands they had left,
• 4.045 “Why, O why did I ever leave my hobbit-hole!”
• 5.003 or why he had been left behind;
• 5.003 if he had been left behind,
• 5.087 He still had a bone or two left to gnaw,
• 5.104 and feeling it with his left hand.
• 5.105 He put his left hand
• 5.121 One left, yes.
• 5.121 Two left, yes, yes.’
• 5.122 for he was leaving the water further
• 5.122 on their left as they went up.
• 5.123 Six left,
• 5.128 while he had any strength left.
• 5.135 was left standing open.
• 5.138 in his left pocket,
• 6.004 with a rocky wall on the left hand;
• 6.006 leaving Mr. Baggins
• 6.009 and leave you here
• 6.024 at the part of his tale that he had left out.
• 6.049 then by another not far away to the left.
• 6.054 You’ve left the burglar behind again!’
• 6.060 They left guards at the foot of the tree
• 6.062 there would have been none left there next day;
• 6.070 But the wolf-guards did not leave the trees.
• 6.072 That fire they fed with leaves
• 6.083 was very nearly left behind again!
• 6.092 and flew away with him into the night leaving Bilbo all alone.
• 7.012 if we had not left the mountain pass
• 7.013 They begged him not to leave them.
• 7.079 There were only fourteen of us left!’
• 7.080 That’s the first time I’ve heard one from ten leave fourteen.
• 7.087 and also angry at being left till last.
• 7.094 since they left the Last Homely House
• 7.099 and leaves were laid upon the mould.
• 7.103 It left the world and took its flight
• 7.105 but I warn you all not to forget what Beorn said before he left us:
• 7.109 or there will be no breakfast left for you.’
• 7.111 but what is left is out on the veranda.
• 7.130 As soon as they left his high hedges
• 7.130 and would have left them still with a long
• 7.132 with the mountains dark on their left,
• 7.133 or to the left,
• 7.134 their leaves were dark
• 7.141 that Gandalf was going to leave them
• 7.143 So now there was nothing left to do
• 7.145 that a thing like a bear left the shadow of the trees
• 7.153 and DON’T LEAVE THE PATH!’
• 8.001 to bear more than a few blackened leaves.
• 8.002 in the leaves far above,
• 8.003 and among the leaves that lay piled endlessly thick
• 8.008 and fallen leaving only the broken posts near the bank.
• 8.036 there was practically nothing left to eat or to drink.
• 8.036 and herbs with pale leaves
• 8.037 A few leaves came rustling down
• 8.037 among the dead leaves
• 8.038 from those parts with what strength they had left.
• 8.041 the climber must get his head above the topmost leaves,
• 8.042 above the roof of leaves,
• 8.043 and the leaves
• 8.048 A woodland king was there with a crown of leaves,
• 8.049 we should have left you to your idiotic dreams
• 8.054 and to the left of the path,
• 8.057 so they all left the path
• 8.071 sat a woodland king with a crown of leaves upon his golden hair,
• 8.073 and he was left alone
• 8.074 Something like a strong sticky string was against his left hand,
• 8.104 if a spider had not luckily left a rope hanging down;
• 8.108 fortunately on to leaves,
• 8.110 and leave your bones
• 8.112 and left Bombur to Bilbo.
• 8.117 To the left there,
• 8.119 they drove at the spiders on the left,
• 8.129 and there we must leave them for the present,
• 8.144 and left him.
• 9.005 and red leaves,
• 9.008 who was the eldest left.
• 9.009 in my realm without leave.
• 9.011 and was left to wander miserably
• 9.016 and leaving them.
• 9.022 and leaving everything
• 9.038 and now he was left alone again,
• 9.039 They had left a merry feast
• 9.051 and get utterly left behind
• 9.053 Leave the halls and caverns deep,
• 9.053 Leave the northern mountains steep,
• 9.062 and left them till the morning.
• 9.063 and the trail of drippings that he left wherever he went or sat;
• 9.063 and he actually dozed a little on some dry leaves,
• 10.001 that came down upon their left.
• 10.009 In the meanwhile the barrels were left afloat
• 10.018 so leaving the others Thorin
• 10.045 and leaves were falling fast,
• 10.045 three large boats left Lake-town,
• 11.001 in to the left or western bank
• 11.002 So their escort left them,
• 11.007 There lies all that is left of Dale,’
• 11.012 None of them had much spirit left.
• 11.016 Only Bofur and Bombur were left behind
• 11.027 at least since the wizard left.
• 11.029 as if the light caught the last pale leaves.
• 12.004 he meant last spring before he left his own house,
• 12.015 There are no words left to express his staggerment,
• 12.020 It does not do to leave a live dragon out of your calculations,
• 12.026 We cannot leave them.
• 12.029 and drove in through the crack they had left
• 12.044 from under the drooping lid of Smaug’s left eye.
• 12.077 in the hollow of his left breast
• 12.084 Leave him alone!’
• 12.084 and is maybe the last left of the ancient breed
• 12.085 though I don’t suppose there are any people left there
• 12.100 No trace of a keyhole was there left on the inside.
• 12.102 Smaug had left his lair
• 13.015 just where he had left them at the end of the tunnel.
• 13.055 The road from the Gate along the left edge of the stream seems all broken up.
• 13.055 a path that left the road
• 13.064 on the left side of the river,
• 13.065 and left the river,
• 14.018 His companions were leaving him.
• 14.020 Look for the hollow of the left breast
• 14.023 straight for the hollow by the left breast
• 14.026 who had left the town so soon,
• 14.040 Leaves rustled
• 15.027 not far from where the rest of their stores had been left.
• 15.058 but we leave you to your gold.
• 15.059 and the dwarves were left to consider their case.
• 16.014 in the inner chamber to the left,
• 16.017 when he left the newly made path
• 16.041 But I don’t think I ought to leave my friends like this,
• 16.046 it was still where he had left it.
• 17.061 I would rather old Smaug had been left
• 18.017 Since I leave now all gold
• 18.019 I must leave it now.
• 18.024 But weariness left their enemies
• 18.052 and Gandalf took their leave at last of Beorn,
• 18.052 Bilbo left with regret,
• 19.001 as if they had not stopped since he left;
• 19.002 And leaves are yet swinging,
• 19.013 Wind him in slumber and there let us leave him!
• 19.019 Even as they left the valley

“beleave | beleve, v.” OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2019, http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/17344. Accessed 30 August 2019.

“belive, v.1.” OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2019, http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/17396. Accessed 30 August 2019.

I wonder, friends, if you’re seeing what I’m seeing? A change in word usage during the war chapters?

Now, I’ve not yet finished trying to figure out what’s going on in Mirkwood. Got distracted by poetry, sorry. But perhaps after Mirkwood, we will go after the war chapters…

• 1.002 and floors tiled
• 1.002 all were on the same floor,
• 1.065 Pour the milk on the pantry floor!
• 1.092 Then he fell flat on the floor,
• 2.113 There were bones on the floor
• 4.013 It had a dry floor
• 4.013 So they spread out their wet things on the floor,
• 4.014 Then he dreamed that the floor of the cave was giving way,
• 4.036 in heaps on the floor,
• 5.001 and he could feel nothing except the stone of the floor.
• 5.002 what felt like a tiny ring of cold metal lying on the floor of the tunnel.
• 5.002 but sat down on the cold floor
• 5.073 and slapped his feet on the floor,
• 5.106 in the floor,
• 5.127 with his flat hands splayed on the floor,
• 5.133 in the floor.
• 6.045 over a floor of pine-needles;
• 6.082 the dark rush of their beating wings smote them to the floor
• 6.085 a red twinkle on the black floor;
• 7.010 (a wholesome one with a pebbly floor)
• 7.069 and bowed so low that their beards swept the stone floor.
• 7.071 and sat flop on the floor looking rather surprised.
• 7.097 The dwarves were sitting cross-legged on the floor round the fire,
• 7.106 a splash of white on the floor came from the high moon,
• 7.108 and had rolled down with a bump from the platform on to the floor.
• 8.046 on the forest floor.
• 8.112 on the floor,
• 9.037 in the middle of the floor waiting to be pushed off.
• 12.012 but rising from the near side of the rocky floor
• 12.013 stretching away across the unseen floors,
• 12.016 across the floor to the nearest edge of the mounds of treasure.
• 12.044 He was just about to step out on to the floor
• 12.071 a devastating sound which shook Bilbo to the floor,
• 12.072 from floor to ceiling like scarlet lightning.
• 13.009 There he lay face downwards on the floor
• 13.016 when Bilbo actually began to stamp on the floor,
• 13.018 start across the floor holding his tiny light aloft.
• 13.022 Bilbo was crossing the floor of the hall.
• 13.039 and sat down on the floor;
• 13.046 and bones were upon the floor
• 14.043 twisted upon the floor of the shallows.
• 18.016 and notched axe were cast upon the floor.