Ogre

I am fascinated by the relationship between “ogre” and “orc”:

Etymology:  < French ogre (late 12th cent. in Old French in sense ‘fierce pagan’, c1300 in sense ‘man-eating giant’, attested again from 1613; also †hogre (1704 in the passage translated in quot. 1713 at main sense)), further etymology uncertain and disputed.

French ogre is perhaps < classical Latin Orcus , the name of the god of the infernal regions, Hades, Pluto (further etymology uncertain), with metathesis of r (perhaps influenced by words such asbougre bougre n.), or perhaps < post-classical Latin Ugri , Ungri , Ongri , applied by early writers to the Hungarians or Magyars (see Ugrian n.). Compare ( < classical Latin Orcus) Middle Frenchorque hell (16th cent.; probably a later reborrowing), and also Italian orco demon, monster (13th cent.), Spanish huerco devil, personification of death or hell (1330), Sardinian orcu demon, and early modern Dutch orck unruly person (Dutch regional ork). Spanish ogro (1787) is a borrowing from French ogre.
  • 05.056 and ogres he had ever heard told of

“ogre, n.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2015. Web. 25 June 2015.

Oin

He’s mentioned by name nineteen times. Here’s a note on the naming of dwarves.

  • 01.046 Oin, and Gloin were their names;
  • 02.034 not even Oin
  • 02.036 while Oin
  • 02.038 and Oin
  • 02.075 and Oin
  • 04.013 Oin and Gloin wanted to light a fire at the door
  • 06.052 Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin,
  • 06.099 since Oin
  • 07.081 Oin and Gloin yet.
  • 08.021 and then Oin
  • 08.024 and Oin and Gloin
  • 08.073 Oin, Gloin,
  • 10.015 Oin and Gloin were waterlogged
  • 13.013 If Oin
  • 13.016 and Oin
  • 13.017 Oin with a small pine-torch alight
  • 13.025 Thorin! Balin! Oin! Gloin!
  • 18.033 and Oin
  • 18.038 Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, and Bombur!

Orcrist

I love that even in The Hobbit the rich interconnectedness of the tongues which Tolkien played like an orchestra can be heard as nearby echoes.  Here we see the translation of goblins – a Hobbit enemy – into “orc” – their usual name in Lord of the Rings.

[03.035]  This, Thorin, the runes name Orcrist, the Goblin-cleaver in the ancient tongue of Gondolin;

  • 03.035 This, Thorin, the runes name Orcrist,
  • 04.033 They had called it Orcrist,
  • 04.041 Orcrist, too, had been saved;
  • 06.012 and everywhere with Orcrist.
  • 10.025 and the great sword Orcrist too.
  • 18.032 Upon his tomb the Elvenking then laid Orcrist,