Drink

Drinking-bowl and Drinking-horn have their own entries, here is just “Drink”, a delightfully strong verb.

  • 01.022 and a drink of something
  • 01.043 and have a drink.’
  • 01.051 and drink!
  • 01.092 on the drawing-room sofa with a drink at his elbow,
  • 01.095 and a drink he crept nervously to the door of the parlour.
  • 02.043 Also there was a barrel of good drink at hand,
  • 02.043 and they were drinking out of jugs.
  • 02.045 and the drink runnin’ short,
  • 02.049 William was having another drink.
  • 05.046 Never thirsty, ever drinking,
  • 05.144 which held drink for the goblin-guards,
  • 06.039 and he drank from a small mountain-stream that crossed the path,
  • 07.116 and drunk at least a quart of mead –
  • 07.126 will be wholesome to eat or to drink.
  • 07.126 That you should neither drink of,
  • 08.008 or they would have drunk from it,
  • 08.036 there was practically nothing left to eat or to drink.
  • 08.048 and drink.’
  • 08.058 and drinking
  • 08.140 and drink,
  • 08.144 and drink,
  • 09.010 and drink,
  • 09.023 so let us have a drink first to help the labour.’
  • 09.025 Soon they began to drink
  • 09.044 while you fellows drink
  • 09.046 Then they drank once round
  • 10.018 were drinking
  • 10.039 They drank his health,
  • 13.039 for a drink of something cheering
  • 13.062 There may be drink,
  • 16.012 of a strong drink
  • 18.048 I have drunk much of your wine
  • 19.015 Your lullaby would waken a drunken goblin

Cake

Twelve cakes in Chapter 1, two cakes in the rest of the story, none at all after Beorn’s home.  I’ve included the only hyphenated form, seed-cake, here as well as in its own entry as an uncommon word.  It’s milk that makes a dough cakey in my experience.

  • 01.022 but he thought a cake or two
  • 01.023 just about the time when Bilbo was finishing his second cake
  • 01.025 and an extra cake or two,
  • 01.029 in fact they had hardly reached the third cake,
  • 01.033 He had a horrible thought that the cakes might run short,
  • 01.035 But I don’t mind some cake –
  • 01.035 seed-cake, if you have any.’
  • 01.036 to fetch two beautiful round seed-cakes
  • 01.037 and the cake
  • 01.046 and all of them for cakes;
  • 01.047 the seed-cakes were gone,
  • 01.056 And more cakes –
  • 03.028 “Mind Bilbo doesn’t eat all the cakes!”
  • 07.126 and twice-baked cakes that would keep good a long time,

Tea

In case you are researching all forms of tea in The Hobbit, I’ve included tea-time here as well as in its own, uncommon, entry.  There is no instance of tea-pot or tea-kettle joined thus into single words by hyphen.

  • 01.021 But please come to tea –
  • 01.022 What on earth did I ask him to tea for!’
  • 01.024 Gandalf Tea Wednesday.
  • 01.025 Just before tea-time
  • 01.028 he added: ‘I am just about to take tea;
  • 01.034 and have some tea!’
  • 01.051 Tea!
  • 01.098 here this Wednesday tea-time.’
  • 02.029 It was after tea-time;
  • 03.010 Tea-time had long gone by,
  • 07.001 nor tea nor toast nor bacon for his breakfast,
  • 18.040 Tea is at four;

Tobacco

The herb is “tobacco” (through Spanish probably originally from Carib) – in The Hobbit and “pipe-weed” (spelled as one word without hyphen and formed in English out of English parts) in later works.  In his Letters, Tolkien refers to the tobacco essay in his Appendices.  I know that our fellow scholars have addressed the substitution of the latter word for the former.  I’m counting on you, Word Fans, to point out articles on these words in our Comments section.  Tolkien mentions tobacco and pipe-weed in the same sentence in a 1958 letter to Rayner Unwin.

In this home of ‘smoking’, pipe-weed seems specially to have caught on. There were clay pipes on the table and large jars of tobacco –

We have elsewhere the uncommon word “tobacco-jar“.  Now, may I present “tobacco”?

  • 01.010 And a very fine morning for a pipe of tobacco out of doors,
  • 02.027 and tobacco.
  • 05.004 and there was some tobacco
  • 05.004 and the smell of tobacco

“pipeweed, n.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 10 March 2016.

“tobacco, n.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 10 March 2016.

Tolkien, J.R.R. (2014-02-21). The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien (Kindle Locations 5661-5662). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.

Pipe

“Pipe” gets the “food” tag just as rooms and food storage containers do.  We must note, however, that the use in 14.040 refers to the sound of birds, not to a tool for smoking tobacco.  Word Fans, I’m counting on you to double-check me when it comes time to graph all the food words, that I do not count that instance of “pipe”, and I’m sure many other words to come which have double meanings.  “Clay-pipe” has already been addressed as an uncommon word.

  • 01.006 smoking an enormous long wooden pipe
  • 01.010 And a very fine morning for a pipe of tobacco out of doors,
  • 01.010 If you have a pipe about you,
  • 01.068 and found Thorin with his feet on the fender smoking a pipe.
  • 02.027 and Bilbo’s pipe
  • 04.013 got out their pipes
  • 05.004 After some time he felt for his pipe.
  • 07.116 and he took out his pipe.
  • 14.040 and piping.

Breakfast

Tolkien does not separate the elements of this word, does not say that Bilbo “broke his fast”, or any variation thereof.  In fact I can’t find any instance of “fast” as “to abstain from food”, nor any clear case of “breakfast” as a verb (possibly in 07.122).  We do have that very important hour, “breakfast-time“, which has its own word and which poor English can only render with a hyphen.   I wonder if there’s also a special word for second-breakfast-time.  I note that there are rather more mentions of breakfast than of dinner.

  • 01.006 and Bilbo Baggins was standing at his door after breakfast
  • 01.022 He had only just had breakfast,
  • 01.096 and breakfast to be thought fierce.
  • 01.140 I will give you a good breakfast before you go.’
  • 01.141 and breakfast.
  • 01.142 After all the others had ordered their breakfasts
  • 01.142 and cook everybody else’s wretched breakfast.
  • 02.001 and hurried breakfast.
  • 02.002 Then he had a nice little breakfast
  • 02.002 to a nice little second breakfast
  • 02.003 and here you are having breakfast,
  • 02.019 leaving his second breakfast half-finished
  • 02.035 and less for breakfast.
  • 02.037 less breakfast,
  • 02.063 a perfectly beautiful breakfast for you,
  • 02.116 By that time they felt like breakfast,
  • 07.001 nor tea nor toast nor bacon for his breakfast,
  • 07.004 and late breakfast on the lawn afterwards;’
  • 07.109 or there will be no breakfast left for you.’
  • 07.110 Breakfast!’
  • 07.110 Where is breakfast?’
  • 07.111 though we found breakfast laid as soon as we went out.’
  • 07.115 I haven’t had a bite since breakfast.’
  • 07.122 So they all went to breakfast with him.
  • 07.146 He had gone just inside the forest after breakfast
  • 08.074 with no hope of any breakfast to revive him.
  • 13.052 if there is any breakfast to have.
  • 13.056 and more climbing without breakfast!
  • 13.056 I wonder how many breakfasts,
  • 13.059 I would give a good breakfast to know.
  • 13.064 and had such a breakfast as they could,

 

“fast, v.2.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 10 March 2016.

.

Fruit

I’ve always been fascinated by the first use of “fruit” in The Hobbit, as a description of hobbit laughs. It gave me the impression of chuckling and full-bellied laughter.  The OED reveals a colloquial meaning for fruity as:

colloq. Full of rich or strong quality; highly interesting, attractive, or suggestive.

and thus the 01.004 use of fruit has earned the “archaic” tag.  I now can hear hobbit laughter quite clearly – rich and strong, interesting, attractive, suggestive.  Thanks, OED!

  • 01.004 and laugh deep fruity laughs
  • 07.126 nuts, flour, sealed jars of dried fruits,
  • 08.105 and dangle like ripe fruit)
  • 19.043 and fruit and feasting in autumn.

“fruity, adj.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 10 March 2016.

 

Dine & Dinner

Before the middle of the book the concept of dining fades away.  Tolkien never writes “dining room” – it is always “dining-room” which also has its own entry as an uncommon word and for the delight of fans of the hyphen.

  • 01.002 kitchens, dining-rooms,
  • 01.004 (especially after dinner,
  • 01.012 Make you late for dinner!
  • 02.001 went into the dining-room.
  • 02.002 in the kitchen before turning out the dining-room.
  • 02.002 in the dining-room by the open window,
  • 04.012 in Bilbo’s dining-room that seemed so long ago,
  • 07.094 or a dinner,
  • 07.095 When dinner was over
  • 08.066 all about having a most gorgeous dinner.’

Kitchen

Coming around 3,000th most common of the words in Project Gutenberg, we begin close to the heart of Bag End, but Gollum knocks all thoughts of kitchens out of the story.  “Kitchen” is a word of Dutch and German heritage, but ultimately from the Latin verb coquere, to cook.

01.002 kitchens, dining rooms
01.059 and Dwalin at the door of the kitchen,
01.068 in the middle of the kitchen trying to see what they were doing.
02.001 in the kitchen.
02.002 in the kitchen before turning out the dining-room.
05.002 in his own kitchen at home –

“kitchen, n.” OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 10 March 2016.

Eat

We begin in paragraph 01.001.  Please notice that “eats” in 05.028 is a sound-play use, “We eats it”, with Gollum adding an S where it’s not usually heard.

  • 01.001 with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat:
  • 01.051 for the late-comers to eat
  • 01.060 The dwarves ate
  • 01.060 and ate,
  • 01.123 to eat,
  • 02.032 He had eaten most,
  • 02.046 just to be et by you and Bert.
  • 02.046 You’ve et a village
  • 02.081 and eat them later –
  • 02.116 and looked fit to eat,
  • 03.001 and their horses had more to eat than they had;
  • 03.028 “Mind Bilbo doesn’t eat all the cakes!”
  • 04.024 For goblins eat horses
  • 05.022 whether he was good to eat,
  • 05.028 we eats it,
  • 05.029 that could save him from being eaten.
  • 05.031 the idea of eating was rather on his mind.
  • 05.034 who was still thinking uncomfortably about eating.
  • 05.047 and have not the danger of being eaten to disturb your thinking.
  • 06.039 for something to eat;
  • 06.039 and he ate three wild strawberries that he found on its bank,
  • 06.056 He’ll be eaten if we don’t do something,’
  • 06.068 for they did not eat such creatures)
  • 06.074 fry them, boil them and eat them hot?
  • 06.088 with next to nothing to eat,
  • 06.094 Bilbo was not going to be eaten after all.
  • 07.023 He does not eat them;
  • 07.023 neither does he hunt or eat wild animals.
  • 07.024 and then Bilbo felt so hungry that he would have eaten acorns,
  • 07.060 Killed, eaten, gone home?’
  • 07.090 Let’s have something to eat!’
  • 07.094 All the time they ate,
  • 07.112 moving off to find something to eat as quick as he could.
  • 07.116 he had eaten two whole loaves
  • 07.121 Not eaten up by Wargs or goblins or wicked bears yet I see’ ;
  • 07.126 and they were good to eat,
  • 07.126 will be wholesome to eat or to drink.
  • 07.129 Soon after midday they ate with Beorn for the last time,
  • 08.036 there was practically nothing left to eat or to drink.
  • 08.046 That night they ate their very last scraps
  • 08.048 When he heard that there was nothing to eat,
  • 08.048 and I could not count or describe the things there were to eat
  • 08.057 all the good things that were being eaten,
  • 08.058 they were eating
  • 08.083 Aye, they’ll make fine eating,
  • 08.104 to see which was the juiciest to eat.
  • 08.110 We will eat you
  • 08.125 if there had been anything to eat.
  • 09.061 in which it had eaten out a wide bay.
  • 10.014 I could eat anything
  • 12.060 Let me tell you I ate six ponies last night
  • 12.060 and eat all the others before long.
  • 12.062 that I can eat a dwarf-ridden pony
  • 12.072 and I have eaten his people like a wolf among sheep,
  • 13.001 Little they ate
  • 13.010 and then eat me,
  • 15.058 You may eat that,
  • 18.048 and eaten much of your bread.